Cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons
Depending on their location and strength, there are various terms by which tropical cyclones are known, such as hurricane (in North America), typhoon (in Asia), tropical storm, cyclonic storm and tropical depression.
Tropical cyclones often produce winds in excess of 200 km/h, causing extensive damage to property and turning debris into dangerous missiles. They can also bring flooding rains and storm tides which cause further damage to property and increase the risk of drowning. Cyclones can cause huge seas, putting vessels in danger both in harbour and out at sea. Most deaths from cyclones occur as a result of drowning, collapsed buildings, mudslides or flying debris, which becomes lethal in high winds.
The following table provides a guide to cyclone seasons around the world (note that on some occasions, a cyclone may occur outside the normal season):
| Region | Season Start | Season End |
|---|---|---|
| North-west Pacific | April | January |
| South Indian | October | May |
| North-east Pacific | May | November |
| North Atlantic | June | November |
| South-west Pacific | October | May |
| North Indian | April | December |
As demonstrated by hurricanes Sandy in 2012, Katrina and Wilma in 2005, Cyclone Larry in 2006, Cyclone Nargis in 2008, and Typhoon Bopha in 2012, the results of severe weather conditions caused by a cyclone can be catastrophic with loss of life and significant damage to communication, transport and other infrastructure.
The precise path and strength of a cyclone are difficult to predict and can change quickly. A cyclone or the threat of one can prompt the closure of airports and roads by local authorities, making evacuation difficult or impossible. In an emergency, the Australian Government's ability to provide consular assistance may be severely limited.
Travelling to a cyclone prone region
Before you travel
- Register your travel and contact details with us.
- Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance.
- Subscribe to the travel advice for your destination to receive free email updates each time it is reissued.
When you arrive
- Locate the nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate. Carry local emergency and embassy phone numbers in your wallet and programmed into your phone.
- Familiarise yourself with local hotel or other advice on what to do in the event of a natural disaster.
While you're there
If you are travelling to a storm-prone region during cyclone season, we recommend you have with you a supply of bottled water, some non-perishable food items, a basic first-aid kit, a battery-operated radio and a torch. Carry your travel documents at all times (i.e. passport, photo identification, etc.) or secure them in a safe, waterproof location.
If a cyclone approaches
In the event of an approaching cyclone, you should identify your local shelter. Flights in and out of affected areas could be delayed or suspended. Available flights may fill quickly. You should contact your airline for the latest flight information. The cyclone could also affect access to sea ports in the region. In some areas, adequate shelter from a severe cyclone may not be available to all who may choose to stay. You should review and follow hotel or cruise ship evacuation plans. We also suggest that you contact friends and family in Australia with updates about your welfare and whereabouts.
Closely monitor the local media for weather updates and information about preparations being made and follow the advice of local authorities. Information on tropical cyclones or other severe weather conditions is available from the World Meteorological Organization as well as the following organisations:
| Region | Agency |
|---|---|
| North Atlantic | National Hurricane Center |
| North-east Pacific | National Hurricane Center |
| Caribbean | Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency |
| North Central Pacific | Central Pacific Hurricane Center |
| North-west Pacific | Japan Meteorological Agency |
| North Indian | Indian Meteorological Department |
| South-west Indian | Meteo-France |
| South and South-west Pacific | The Fiji Meteorological Service Meteorological Service of New Zealand Papua New Guinea National Weather Service Meteo-France in French Polynesia Australian Bureau of Meteorology Joint Typhoon Warning Center |
| South-east Indian | Australian Bureau of Meteorology |
Travelling to an area recently affected by a cyclone
If you intend to travel to an area that has been affected by a tropical cyclone, you should first seek information from local tour operators and hotels on the condition of infrastructure and facilities in the area.
How to reach us
In a consular emergency, if you are unable to contact an embassy or high commission you can contact the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or 1300 555 135 within Australia.
In Australia, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Canberra may be contacted on (02) 6261 3305.